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    <title>Clarence Thomas Recent C-SPAN Appearances</title>
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      <title>Conversation with Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas</title>
      <description>Associate Justice Clarence Thomas spoke to college students about his life and career. He focused on the state of racial relations, the operations of the Supreme Court, and pursuing a career in the law. Among the wide range of other topics were his early life, advice he received from Thurgood Marshall, the Anita Hill controversy, his conservatism, faith, the media, and the Court's relationship with President Obama.</description>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 01 May 2013 05:12:31 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[United States v. Windsor] Oral Argument</title>
      <description>The Supreme Court heard oral argument in [United States v. Windsor], the challenge to the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA). At issue was whether the Court had jurisdiction to rule on the federal government's case, and whether the House Republican leaders as defenders of DOMA had Article III "standing" to pursue their appeal. After arguments on jurisdiction, issues of the constitutionality of section III of DOMA were addressed. Lawyers argued over the requirement in the law that limited the definition of marriage to a union between a man and woman, thus denying federal spousal rights to same-sex marriages conferred on couples in states where the practice had been made legal.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/311686-1</link>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 27 Mar 2013 18:04:15 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[Hollingsworth v. Perry] Oral Arguments</title>
      <description>The Supreme Court heard arguments in [Hollingsworth v. Perry] on the constitutionality of California's proposition 8 law. Nearly 18,000 same-sex couples were married in California, but same-sex marriages came to a halt in November 2008, when the state's voters passed Proposition 8, which amended the state constitution to eliminate the right of same-sex couples to get married. Questions by several justices focused on whether the central purpose of marriage was procreation, and on whether proponents of the ban had legal standing to bring the case after the state of California declined to do so when the referendum result was overturned by a federal court.</description>
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      <pubDate>Tue, 26 Mar 2013 17:13:01 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[Shelby County v. Holder] Oral Argument</title>
      <description>The U.S. Supreme Court heard oral arguments in [Shelby County v. Holder]. The case concerns Congress' 2006 re-authorization of Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act under the pre-existing coverage formula of Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act, and whether Congress exceeded its authority under the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments and thus violated the Tenth Amendment and Article IV of the United States Constitution. Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act says that states and localities with a history of disenfranchising minorities, mainly in the South, must get federal approval before changing their voting procedures. Justice Scalia stated that congressional support for the Voting Rights Act is due to the "perpetuation of racial entitlement." He then went on to say, "Whenever a society adopts racial entitlements, it is very difficult to get out of them through the normal political processes."
This program contained audio with still images of participants as they spoke.</description>
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      <pubDate>Sat, 02 Mar 2013 02:01:26 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[Missouri v. McNeely] Oral Argument</title>
      <description>The U.S. Supreme Court heard oral arguments in [Missouri v. McNeely] to weigh the public's interest in driving and highway safety against the privacy rights of the individual in deciding if police officers can force suspected drunk drivers to give a blood sample without first obtaining a warrant. 
This case was on appeal from the Missouri Supreme Court, which sided with the motorist McNeely in agreeing that the taking of his blood without a search warrant was unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment's ban against unreasonable searches and seizures. Missouri prosecutors and the government were asking the Court to set aside the requirement for a search warrant arguing that since alcohol dissipates in the blood, a police officer should not take the time to get a warrant from a judge.
Audio of the arguments was presented with visual still images of participants. Justice Thomas did not speak.</description>
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      <pubDate>Tue, 15 Jan 2013 17:03:23 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[Fisher v. University of Texas] Oral Argument</title>
      <description>The Court heard oral argument on [Fisher v. University of Texas].</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/308726-1</link>
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      <pubDate>Sat, 13 Oct 2012 03:54:24 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum] Oral Argument</title>
      <description>The U.S. Supreme Court heard a second oral argument in [Kiobel v. Royal Dutch Petroleum], on the reach of a 1789 law, the Alien Tort Statute (ATS), that seeks to impose liability in U.S. courts on those who commit human rights violations in foreign countries. In the first oral argument The Court heard argument on the case in the 2011-12 term on the aspect of the case pertaining solely to the question of suing corporations under the ATS.
Audio of the arguments was presented with visual still images of participants.</description>
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      <pubDate>Tue, 09 Oct 2012 17:11:16 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>225th Anniversary of the U.S. Constitution</title>
      <description>In celebration of the 225th anniversary of the U.S. Constitution, Justice Clarence Thomas and Yale Law School Professor Akhil Amar discussed the Constitution's past, present, and future. The program titled, "The Constitution Turns 225," was held in the William G. McGowan Theater in the National Archives Building.</description>
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      <pubDate>Sat, 22 Sep 2012 23:01:56 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[Shooting from the Lip]: Book Party</title>
      <description>A book party was held at the Jefferson Hotel for the publication of [Shooting from the Lip: The Life of Senator Al Simpson], written by Donald Hardy. Senator Simpson was shown mingling with the guests. Then Mr. Hardy, Senator Simpson's former press secretary and chief of staff, talked about writing the book and the total access that he had to Senator Simpson's papers. Senator Simpson also talked about the book and about his life. He told stories about the author, the late Senator Ted Kennedy, and about some of the guests, including former Vice President and Mrs. Cheney, former Secretary Mineta, Librarian of Congress Billington, and Representative Dingell.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/304546-1</link>
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      <pubDate>Mon, 27 Feb 2012 00:00:17 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[FCC vs. FOX Television]</title>
      <description>The Supreme Court heard oral arguments in [FCC vs. FOX Television]. The case examines the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) tougher enforcement protocol announced in 2004 in reaction to separate instances of foul language and nudity on both FOX and ABC television networks. The Court will decide if the FCC has the constitutional right to enforce rules prohibiting indecent language and nudity on broadcast television and radio.
Both the attorneys and judges use language during this oral argument that some may find offensive.</description>
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      <pubDate>Sat, 14 Jan 2012 01:16:06 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[Knox vs. Service Employees]</title>
      <description>The Supreme Court heard oral arguments in [Knox vs. Service Employees]. The case deals with the question of the First Amendment giving state employees the right to decline to pay union dues used for political advocacy by the union.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/303630-1</link>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Jan 2012 04:19:18 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas Remarks</title>
      <description>Justice Clarence Thomas spoke a dedication ceremony for a historical marker honoring the Pin Point Community. Following his prepared remarks the unveiling of the marker was shown.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/302799-1</link>
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      <pubDate>Sun, 25 Dec 2011 15:55:54 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[Zivotofsky vs. Clinton] Oral Arguments</title>
      <description>The Supreme Court heard oral arguments in [Zivotofsky vs. Clinton], a case dealing with executive power and Congress, and whether Jerusalem, Israel, can be listed as a birthplace in a passport.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/302564-2</link>
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      <pubDate>Sat, 19 Nov 2011 02:09:42 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut] Oral Arguments</title>
      <description>The Supreme Court heard oral argument in [American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut]. The case focused on the ability of states and private parties to sue utilities for contributing to global warming, and how federal law would be applied.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/299147-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
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      <pubDate>Sat, 23 Apr 2011 22:59:30 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[Wal-mart v. Dukes] Oral Arguments</title>
      <description>The Supreme Court heard oral argument in [Wal-Mart v. Dukes], a gender discrimination case against Wal-Mart over pay and promotions for as many as 1.5 million current and former women employees. The issue is whether a large group should be allowed to band together in a lawsuit.</description>
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      <pubDate>Sat, 02 Apr 2011 22:58:36 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[Ashcroft v. Al-Kidd] Oral Arguments</title>
      <description>The Supreme Court heard oral arguments on [Ashcroft v. Al-Kidd]. The case involves whether former Attorney General John Ashcroft could be held personally liable for the detention of an American Muslim. Abdullah Al-Kidd, a U.S. citizen, alleges he was detained as part of a plan approved by John Ashcroft to arrest Muslim men suspected, but not proved, of having terrorist ties. A lower court rejected Ashcroft's assertion that in his role as attorney general he is immune from lawsuits. Justice Kagan did not participate in this case.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/298288-1</link>
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      <pubDate>Sat, 05 Mar 2011 05:39:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[Bond v. U.S.] Oral Argument</title>
      <description>The Supreme Court heard oral arguments in the case [Bond v. United States]. The issue in the case was whether a defendant may challenge the constitutionality of a federal criminal statute on 10th Amendment grounds, with plaintiffs arguing that Congress exceeded its constitutional powers in attempting to regulate something the Constitution leaves to the states.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/298145-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
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      <pubDate>Sat, 26 Feb 2011 23:59:12 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[FCC v. AT&amp;T] Oral Arguments</title>
      <description>The Supreme Court heard oral arguments on [FCC v. AT&amp;T]. The case involves AT&amp;T's right to invoke a personal privacy exemption under the Freedom of Information Act to keep secret information gathered by the government during a federal investigation.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/297609-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
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      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jan 2011 19:10:06 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[General Dynamics v. United States] Oral Argument</title>
      <description>The Supreme Court heard oral arguments in [General Dynamics v. United States], a case on the "state secrets" doctrine. The doctrine prevents the disclosure in litigation of state secrets.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/297581-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
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      <pubDate>Sun, 23 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[Kentucky v. King] Oral Arguments</title>
      <description>The Supreme Court heard oral argument on [Kentucky v. King]. The case could give the police greater authority to forcibly enter a person's home without a search warrant. The Fourth Amendment's ban against unreasonable search and seizures bars the police from entering a home without a warrant unless there is an emergency situation or exigent circumstances.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/297533-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
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      <pubDate>Fri, 28 Jan 2011 23:59:36 GMT</pubDate>
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    <item>
      <title>[The Supreme Court:  Home to America's Highest Court], 2010 Edition</title>
      <description>[The Supreme Court: Home to America's Highest Court] takes an unprecedented look into the Supreme Court, its role, traditions and history of the Court featuring interviews with all the sitting and retired Justices. 
This is a second version of the original documentary in high definition and includes an interview with Justice Elena Kagan. The original on-air version of the documentary is program ID 289229-1.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/297213-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>C-SPAN Specials</category>
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      <pubDate>Mon, 03 Jan 2011 05:00:24 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting] Oral Argument</title>
      <description>The Supreme Court heard oral arguments in [Chamber of Commerce v. Whiting], involving an Arizona immigration law that imposes sanctions on businesses for hiring illegal immigrants and requires the verification of prospective employees' immigration status against a federal database.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/296991-1</link>
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      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
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      <pubDate>Tue, 28 Dec 2010 21:57:48 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn] Oral Argument</title>
      <description>Lawyers presented oral arguments before the nine justices of the Supreme Court in the case of [Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn]. The case addressed the constitutionality of tax credits for tuition at private schools when the schools are often for institutions. Audio of court proceedings were played with still images of the participants.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/296545-1</link>
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      <pubDate>Fri, 12 Nov 2010 21:34:36 GMT</pubDate>
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    <item>
      <title>[Schwarzenegger v. Entertainment Merchants]</title>
      <description>Justices heard oral arguments in the case [Schwarzenegger v. Entertainment Merchants], which focused on the state's ability to restrict the sale of violent video games and manufacturers free speech rights. Audio of the arguments played while still photographs of the participants were shown. Justice Thomas did not question the attorneys.
The name of the case was changed to [Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association] in January 2011, when Jerry Brown replaced Arnold Schwarzenegger as the governor of California.</description>
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      <pubDate>Sat, 06 Nov 2010 00:00:12 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[Snyder v. Phelps] Oral Argument</title>
      <description>Lawyers presented oral arguments before the nine justices of the Supreme Court in the case of [Snyder v. Phelps]. The case centered on First Amendment rights and public protests at military funerals. At issue was whether a church had the legal right to stage anti-gay protests at U.S. military funerals to promote its claim that God is angry at America for tolerance toward homosexuals. Albert Snyder, the father of a Marine killed in Iraq in 2006, appealed to the Supreme Court after the family's funeral service at a Roman Catholic church in Westminster, Maryland, drew unwanted protests by members of the Westboro Baptist Church in Topeka, Kansas.
Audio of the arguments was presented with visual still images of participants.</description>
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      <pubDate>Sun, 10 Oct 2010 14:34:12 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Savannah State University Commencement Address</title>
      <description>Justice Clarence Thomas gave the commencement address to the graduating students of Savannah State University. He talked about his childhood and upbringing.</description>
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      <pubDate>Sun, 30 May 2010 20:01:06 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Fiscal Year 2011 Supreme Court Budget</title>
      <description>Justices Breyer and Thomas testified about the proposed fiscal year 2011 budget for the U.S. Supreme Court. In his opening remarks Justice Thomas said major portions of the requested five percent increase were due to the Supreme Court's modernization project and additional security personnel. The justices responded to questions on topics including the Supreme Court case load; cameras in the court; the diversity of law clerks, justices, and vendors; deciding what cases are heard and who testifies; granting stays of execution; and possible rulings on the recent health care legislation. 
The hearing began with Chairman Serrano honoring Jack Roosevelt Robinson, who integrated baseball when he joined the major leagues on April 15, 1947.</description>
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      <category>House Committee</category>
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      <pubDate>Fri, 16 Apr 2010 06:05:53 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Supreme Court Justices Sotomayor, Breyer, Thomas, and Alito</title>
      <description>Justices Sonia Sotomayor, Stephen Breyer, Clarence Thomas, and Samuel Alito were interviewed as part of C-SPAN's Supreme Court Week. 
In her first television interview since joining the Supreme Court, Justice Sotomayor talked about her first impressions of the job, the acclimation process at the court, her first oral argument experience, and how she intends to be in certain phases of her job. She also discussed the call she received from President Obama asking her to be his nominee to the court and the confirmation hearings that followed. Justice Sotomayor was interviewed in the West Conference Room of the Supreme Court building.
Justice Thomas talked about the Supreme Court building and its symbolism, how his approach to oral argument differs from his fellow justices, how he approaches opinion writing, customs of collegiality at the court, and his loss of anonymity, amongst a host of topics. He was interviewed in the East Conference Room of the Supreme Court building.
Justice Breyer provided a tour through all three parts of his private chambers as he walked through the entire process of how the Supreme Court works and how it reaches its decisions. He also talked about the history of the building, and gave a window into the private side of a Supreme Court justice as he sat down at the end of the tour to talk about his favorite part of the building - his office.
Justice Alito talked about the role of the court, his impressions of the Constitution and of his job. In addition to the process that unfolds at the court in making decisions, he talked about the role of the junior justice, something that he's handed over to new Associate Justice Sonia Sotomayor.
[Interviews with Justices Kennedy, Ginsburg, Scalia and O'Connor can be viewed and purchased in program 7716-1.]
[Interviews with Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Stevens can be viewed and purchased in program 7654-1.]</description>
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      <category>C-SPAN Specials</category>
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      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2009 01:00:47 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[The Supreme Court:  Home to America's Highest Court], 2009 Edition</title>
      <description>[The Supreme Court: Home to America's Highest Court] takes an unprecedented look into the Supreme Court, its role, traditions and history of the Court featuring interviews with all the sitting and retired Justices. 
This program is available to purchase on DVD at c-span.org/store
This is the original version of the program which aired in 2009. A later edition with an interview with Justice Elena Kagan was produced in 2010. Program ID 297213-1.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/289229-1</link>
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      <category>C-SPAN Specials</category>
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      <pubDate>Mon, 05 Oct 2009 01:00:11 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>[Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission] Oral Argument</title>
      <description>The Supreme Court heard oral argument in [Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission]. The case arose from a political documentary called [Hillary: The Movie.] The film's producers lost a Federal Election Commission and lower court decision that prohibited them from distributing it on a video-on-demand service on grounds that it violated a McCain-Feingold ban on corporate money being used for electioneering.
The court originally heard arguments of this case in March 2009 and asked the attorneys involved to provide additional briefs. The Court held this rehearing in a special session before the official start of the term on Monday, October 5, 2009. It was the first oral argument heard by Justice Sotomayor. 
This program contained the audio recording released by the court immediately after the arguments were presented. Still images of participants were shown on the screen as they spoke. Justice Thomas did not speak.
Included in program 288797-3</description>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 09 Sep 2009 15:50:11 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Supreme Court Justice Thomas</title>
      <description>Justice Clarence Thomas was interviewed as part of C-SPAN's Supreme Court Week. He talked about the Supreme Court building and its symbolism, how his approach to oral argument differs from his fellow justices, how he approaches opinion writing, customs of collegiality at the court, and his loss of anonymity, amongst a host of topics. He was interviewed in the East Conference Room of the Supreme Court building.
Justice Thomas was nominated to the bench by President George H.W. Bush. He has been serving as a Supreme Court justice since 1991. He was preceded by Justice Thurgood Marshall. He was interview in the East Conference Room of the Supreme Court building.
[This program is only available to view online.]
[This interview, along with Justices Breyer, Sotomayor, and  Alito interviews, can be purchased and viewed in program 7537-1.]</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/286082-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>C-SPAN Specials</category>
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      <pubDate>Sun, 11 Oct 2009 05:01:23 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Challenge to Voting Rights Act of 1965 Oral Arguments</title>
      <description>The Supreme Court heard oral arguments in the case of [Northwest Austin Municipal Utility District No. 1 v. Holder]. At issue were provisions of the 1965 federal Voting Rights Act which ban all states from voting discrimination based on "race or color," but targets states and areas with a history of racial discrimination in voting. Currently eight states and parts of eight other states are required to seek permission from the U.S. Justice Department or the federal court in Washington before making changes in the voting process such as changing voting districts, polling locations, or other election procedures. 
 
 This program contained the audio recording released by the court immediately after the arguments were presented. Still images of participants were shown on the screen as they spoke. Justice Thomas did not speak.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/285573-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/285573-1</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Apr 2009 15:37:40 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fiscal Year 2010 Supreme Court Budget</title>
      <description>The House Financial Services and General Government Subcommittee held a hearing on the fiscal year 2010 Supreme Court budget.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/285453-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>House Committee</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/285453-1</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2009 07:15:17 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Justice Thomas on National Identity and Citizenship</title>
      <description>U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas talked about national identity and American citizenship.
 
 
 This was the keynote address at the 2008-2009 "Being an American" Essay Contest Awards Gala. Winning high school student winners and their teachers were honored. The event was held by the Bill of Rights Institute at the Renaissance Hotel. 
 
 Included in program 288355-1.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/284989-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/284989-1</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 15 Apr 2009 23:59:43 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>U.S. Constitution and Role of Government</title>
      <description>Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas spoke about the U.S. Constitution and the role of government. In his remarks he spoke about his first interests in government and policy, individual rights in the Constitution, judicial interpretation, and the work of a Supreme Court justice. He also answered questions from the audience.
 
 The 21st annual Manhattan Institute Wriston Lecture was held at the Pierre Hotel in New York City. The keynote address was titled "Judging in a Government by Consent."</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/281823-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/281823-1</guid>
      <pubDate>Sun, 23 Nov 2008 00:02:56 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>University of Georgia Commencement Address</title>
      <description>U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Clarence Thomas delivered the commencement address to the graduating students of the University of Georgia in the Georgia Sanford Stadium.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/205297-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/205297-1</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 10 May 2008 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[Kennedy v. Louisiana] Oral Argument</title>
      <description>The Supreme Court heard oral arguments in the case of [Kennedy v. Louisiana] on the constitutionality of the death penalty for child rape.
 
 This program contained the audio recording released by the court. Still images of participants were shown on the screen as they spoke. Justice Thomas did not speak. 
 
 The Supreme Court decided 5-4 that Louisiana's law allowing the death penalty for child rape violated the Constitution's Eighth Amendment ban against cruel and unusual punishment. The Court overturned the law in Louisiana and five other states: Montana, Georgia, Oklahoma, South Carolina, and Texas. The two men sentenced to death for the crime of child rape, both in Louisiana, would receive new sentences of life without parole.
 
 Justice Kennedy wrote the opinion for the Court. His opinion was joined by Justices Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg and Breyer. Justice Alito wrote the dissenting opinion. Chief Justice John Roberts joined the dissent, along with Justices Scalia and Thomas.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/283008-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/283008-1</guid>
      <pubDate>Sun, 28 Dec 2008 00:02:38 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fiscal Year 2009 Supreme Court Budget</title>
      <description>Supreme Court justices testified about the proposed fiscal year 2009 budget for the Supreme Court. Topics included the improved Supreme Court website, the Court building project, and increasing the pay of federal judges.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/204419-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>House Committee</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/204419-1</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 14 Mar 2008 11:33:30 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Voter Identification Supreme Court Case Oral Argument</title>
      <description>The U.S. Supreme Court heard oral argument in the cases of [Crawford v. Marion County Election Board] and [Indiana Democratic Party v. Rokita] about the validity of the law passed in 2005 by the Indiana Legislature requiring all voters who cast a ballot in person to present photographic identification issued by the United States or State of Indiana.
 
 This program contained audio with still images of participants as they spoke. Justice Thomas did not speak.
 
 On April 28, 2008, the court issued a 6-3 decision that states may require voters to present photo identification before casting ballots. The Court concluded that the photographic ID requirement was a legitimate interest in preventing voter fraud. Justice Stevens wrote the main opinion for the Court. His opinion was joined by Chief Justice Roberts and Justice Kennedy. Justices Scalia, Thomas and Alito issued concurring opinions. Justices Souter, Ginsburg and Breyer dissented.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/283122-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/283122-1</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2009 23:55:32 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[Baze v. Rees] Oral Argument</title>
      <description>The Supreme Court heard oral argument in [Baze v. Rees]. The Court will decide if the lethal injection drugs used to execute prisoners on death row have such a high probability of inflicting unnecessary pain that it violates the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. 
 
 Two inmates, Ralph Baze and Thomas C. Bowling, challenged Kentucky's three-drug lethal injection protocol as violating the Eighth Amendment's ban against cruel and unusual punishment. John D. Rees was the commissioner of the Kentucky Department of Corrections. The question before the Court is whether the combination of drugs causes a risk of unnecessary pain and suffering. 
 
 
 
 
 This program contained audio released by the court immediately after the arguments were presented with still images of participants as they spoke. Justice Thomas did not speak.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/202808-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/202808-1</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 07 Jan 2008 16:17:14 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[Boumediene v. Bush] and [Al Odah v. U.S.]</title>
      <description>Justices heard oral arguments in the cases of [Boumediene v. Bush] and [Al Odah v. U.S.] involving the rights of suspected terrorists held at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and the detainee's right to challenge their detention through a writ of [habeas corpus]. Attorneys for the government and 37 Guantanamo inmates focused on whether Congress had wrongly denied prisoners judicial review of their detention, or if Congress had created an adequate alternative for prisoners to contest their detention, and whether the Constitution protected the rights of foreigners held outside the country.
 
 Photographs of the participants were shown on the screen as each person spoke.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/202767-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/202767-1</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 05 Dec 2007 16:42:44 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Supreme Court Justice Perspective</title>
      <description>Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas talked about his book, [My Grandfather's Son: A Memoir], published by Harper, at the Hillsdale College Eighth Annual Churchill Dinner held at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, D.C.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/202592-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/202592-1</guid>
      <pubDate>Sun, 23 Dec 2007 00:05:53 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Federalist Society Anniversary</title>
      <description>Marking the 25th anniversary of the Federalist Society, three U.S. Supreme Court Justices and other dignitaries congratulated the Society, described its history, and praised its founders. 
 
 The 25th anniversary celebration involved a full-day conference honoring Judge Robert Bork and his contributions to the law. Judge Bork, co-chairman of the Society's board of visitors, was unable to be present due to illness.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/202361-3</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/202361-3</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 22 Nov 2007 02:25:03 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Q&amp;A with Clarence Thomas</title>
      <description>Justice Clarence Thomas talked about his book [My Grandfather's Son: A Memoir], published by Harper. Justice Thomas was nominated to the U.S. Supreme Court by former President George H.W. Bush and has been on the Court since October 1991. He talked about the development of his political philosophy, people who had influenced him, his reading habits, and the process of writing his memoir. Topics included media portrayals of him, his numerous appearances on C-SPAN, and aspects of his personal life such as religion, marriage, and raising children. The interview took place at the U.S. Supreme Court.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/201250-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Q&amp;A</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/201250-1</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Oct 2007 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[My Grandfather's Son] Book Party</title>
      <description>A reception to mark the publication of Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas' memoir, [My Grandfather's Son: A Memoir], published by Harper, was held by radio host and columnist Armstrong Williams at his home. Justice Thomas made brief remarks and talked with guests about his book.
 
 Armstrong Williams, Associate Justice and Mrs. Alito, Secretary Chertoff, and Mrs. Thomas were interviewed.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/201370-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/201370-1</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 13 Oct 2007 23:00:54 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fiscal Year 2008 Supreme Court Budget</title>
      <description>Justices Kennedy and Thomas testified about federal judiciary operations and the proposed fiscal year 2008 budget for the U.S. Supreme Court.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/197007-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>House Committee</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/197007-1</guid>
      <pubDate>Fri, 09 Mar 2007 05:15:02 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education]</title>
      <description>The U.S. Supreme Court heard oral argument in the case [Meredith v. Jefferson County Board of Education]. Plaintiff, Crystal Meredith, son's Louisville, Kentucky, school district required most schools to maintain a black enrollment of 15 percent to 50 percent. The Court would decide the role race could play when assigning students to K-12 schools in an effort to achieve diversity. 
 
 This program contained audio released by the court immediately after the arguments were presented with still images of participants as they spoke.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/195615-2</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/195615-2</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Dec 2006 17:24:46 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>[Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District]</title>
      <description>The U.S. Supreme Court heard oral argument in the case of [Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1]. The Seattle School Board adopted a plan to assign students to schools on the basis of race in an effort to overcome the effects of segregated housing patterns. Parents of children who were not assigned to the school they chose sued, questioning the validity of the desegregation plan. Court will decide what role race can be used when assigning students to K-12 schools in an effort to achieve diversity. 
 
 This program contained audio released by the court immediately after the arguments were presented with still images of participants as they spoke.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/195615-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/195615-1</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 Dec 2006 16:07:19 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Supreme Court Partial Birth Abortion Ban Oral Arguments</title>
      <description>Justices heard oral arguments on two cases involving partial birth abortions. At 10 a.m. the justices heard arguments in [Gonzales v. Carhart, et al.]. At 11 a.m., they heard [Gonzales v. Planned Parenthood Federation of America, et al.] The Court will decide the constitutionality of the Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003. It prohibits a doctor from knowingly performing a partial-birth abortion. The act contains an exception for cases in which an abortion is necessary to preserve the life of the mother, but no exception for the health of the mother. Congress made factual findings before passing the act, including that a partial-birth abortion is never medically necessary to preserve the health of the mother.
 
 Priscilla Smith argued for physicians, including Leroy Carhart. Eve Gartner and Therese Stewart argued for Planned Parenthood.
 
 The U.S. Supreme Court does not permit cameras in its proceedings. This video features audio with still picture images of the participants.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/195290-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>Public Affairs Event</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/195290-1</guid>
      <pubDate>Sat, 11 Nov 2006 23:59:27 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fiscal Year 2007 Supreme Court Budget</title>
      <description>Justices Kennedy and Thomas testified about the fiscal year 2007 budget proposal for the U.S. Supreme Court for $76.4 million, a 16 percent increase from fiscal year 2006. Topics included personnel salary increases and building modernization and security. They noted that there are two new Justices on the Court and praised retired Justice Sandra Day O'Connor and the late Chief Justice William Rehnquist. Justices Thomas and Kennedy expressed opposition to televising of Supreme Court oral arguments, saying that recent congressional legislation on the topic were inconsistent with Separation of Powers of the three branches of government.</description>
      <link>http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/191906-1</link>
      <author>info@c-spanarchives.org (National Cable Satellite Corporation)</author>
      <category>House Committee</category>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/191906-1</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 04 Apr 2006 14:02:18 GMT</pubDate>
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